I. Requirements Analysis

With the increasing number of high-voltage long-distance overhead transmission lines, these lines serve as the vital link for energy transmission and form the foundation for the safe and stable operation of the entire system. Should a fault occur on a transmission line, it is imperative to locate the fault point as quickly as possible, eliminate the fault, and restore power supply. However, high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage transmission lines are often exposed to diverse environments and span vast geographical areas, operating under harsh conditions. Consequently, they are also the most frequent sites of faults within the power system. Rapidly and accurately locating the fault point after a line failure is crucial not only for timely repairs and swift power restoration but also for the overall safety, stability, and economical operation of the entire power system.

II. Working Principle

The distributed fault location monitoring device for transmission lines employs distributed traveling wave measurement technology. Monitoring terminals are distributed along the transmission line conductors, capturing power frequency fault signals and traveling wave fault signals near the fault point at high potential. These signals are transmitted back to the backend data center via wireless methods such as 4G/5G. After comprehensive analysis by the data center, the fault location can be rapidly and accurately determined based on distinct fault characteristics. This enhances fault location accuracy, thereby improving patrol efficiency. Additionally, the system captures transient fault traveling waveforms to intelligently distinguish between lightning-induced and non-lightning-induced faults, as well as whether lightning strikes involve direct hits or counterstrikes. Diagnostic results are presented via web and SMS notifications to users, facilitating timely repairs and ensuring the secure, stable operation of the entire power grid.

III. Features and Functions

1. Basic Configuration for Fault Location Monitoring: Main Control Unit, Fault Location Monitoring Unit, Communication Unit, Inductive Power Harvesting Unit, Solar Power Supply Unit, Mounting Bracket, and Auxiliary Materials;

2. Detect and calculate fault distances: Accurately detect and record the distance of single-phase ground faults, phase-to-phase short circuits, open circuits, and instantaneous faults in real time.

3. High-Precision Fault Location: Accurately identifies the fault section on transmission lines with sectionalization reliability exceeding 99%.

4. Accuracy within 300 meters: Capable of precisely pinpointing transmission line fault locations with a positioning error of 300 meters.

5. Fault Cause Identification Function: Capable of distinguishing between lightning-induced faults and non-lightning-induced faults, with an accuracy rate exceeding 95% for such identification.

6. High identification accuracy: Capable of distinguishing between bypass faults and counterstrike faults, with lightning strike fault identification accuracy exceeding 90%.

7. Dual RAM Recording Technology: Utilizes dual RAM recording technology to eliminate transient signal "dead zones" and prevent missed fault data caused by lightning current interference.

8. Capable of online recording of lightning current on power lines, locating lightning strike points, and compiling statistics on the number of strikes;

9. Supports online detection of line load current, including scheduled transmission and on-demand retrieval of load current data;

10. The software features automatic fault detection, alarm output, and data file storage capabilities.

11. 4G/5G Wireless Transmission: Encrypted transmission and measurement over 4G/5G networks.

12. Supports remote upgrades: Enables remote parameter configuration and software upgrade functionality.

IV. Technical Specifications